Common Fittings

Most fittings used in the industry are made of brass, but other materials ranging from steel to pvc may be used for fittings. The pressure and temperature handled by the fitting gives you an indication of what type of fitting can be used in a specific installation.

Common Fitting Types:

· Nipple – A section of pipe threaded on both ends. A nipple may be an inch or more in length, depending on the distance, which must be spanned. Nipples may be custom-made for specific installations and may not be a standard length.
· Close Nipple – A short section of pipe threaded on both ends with the threads meeting in the center.
· Hex Nipple – A close nipple with a hex shaped portion in the center to allow a wrench to grip the fitting to ease removal.
· Coupling – A connector with female threaded ports on each end. Other pipefittings with male threads may be screwed into either or both ends.
· Hex Coupling - A coupling with a hexagonal section into the center to allow the coupling to be gripped with a wrench.
· Bushing – Fitting with an exterior male thread on one end and a smaller female port on the other end.
· Bell Reducer – Fitting with a larger female port on one end and a smaller female port on the other end.
· Tee – Three-way fitting with a female port on each end and a third female port in the center.
· Cross – A four-way fitting with female ports set in 90-degree opposition to each other.
· Hose Barb – Allows connecting a low-pressure hose to a threaded fitting. The barb has a ribbed, somewhat conical barb on one end and a male thread on the other. Hose barbs are available with a female port as well. Hose barbs are specified by thread and hose barb size. A ¾ x 3/8 hose barb designates a ¾" thread and a hose barb for a 3/8" ID hose.
· ELL - A 90 degree female threaded fitting allowing connection of two male fittings at a 90 degree angle to each other.
· Elbow or 45 Degree – A 45 degree female threaded fitting.
· Jig Fitting – Beveled on the connection end. Teflon tape or pipe joint compound is not required to make a watertight seal. When the fitting is tightened, pressure against the bevel seals against leaks.
· Union – Allows connection and disconnection of pipe supply lines without the need for plumbing alterations.